Top Things to Know: Pediatric Post-Cardiac Arrest Care

Published: June 27, 2019

It is estimated that more than 5000 children experience OHCA annually in the United States with an approximate incidence of nontraumatic OHCA of 8.04 per 100 000 person-years.
With current ROSC rates of approximately 36%, it is estimated that more than 1800 infants and children are at risk annually for PCAS after OHCA.
The study objective is to provide clinicians with recommendations to optimize pediatric post?cardiac arrest care, highlighting the knowledge gaps that should be addressed by researchers to improve future care and outcomes.
The paper clarifies that, in post-cardiac arrest patients, long-term neurobehavioral and neuropsychiatric outcomes, as well as HRQoL, vary based on numerous cardiac arrest factors, with some patients improving over time.
Future focus on assessment of such outcomes in the long-term, as well as the enduring burden on survivors and families, will continue to be important in determining if these lasting outcomes are becoming better as systems and providers strive to improve CPR quality and PCAC.
An estimated 6000 infants and children develop IHCA annually with estimates of approximately 4800 infants and children being at risk for development of PCAS annually after IHCA. More than 6500 children per year in the United States have PCAS.
During transport, patients should receive the same care with the same treatment targets as those in the hospital setting.
Post?cardiac arrest brain injury remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children because the brain has limited tolerance of ischemia, hyperemia, or edema.
From 20 years of published scientific literature on pediatric cardiac arrest, adult cardiac arrest, and pediatric critical illness in peer-reviewed published literature, the statement summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, management, and prognostication after return of sustained circulation following cardiac arrest, and it provides consensus on the current evidence supporting elements of pediatric post?cardiac arrest care.
The importance of this study is that it considers not only the short-term outcomes of the pediatric post-cardiac arrest patient, but moreover at the long-term outcomes of survival, neurologic function, neurobehavioral function, health related quality of life, and family burden in the context of having surpassed the initial shorter-term outcomes after OHCA and IHCA.

View the summary for Pediatric Post-Cardiac Arrest Care

Citation

Topjian AA, de Caen A, Wainwright MS, Abella BS, Abend NS, Atkins DL, Bembea MM, Fink EL, Guerguerian A-M, Haskell SE, Kilgannon JH, Lasa JJ, Hazinski MF, on behalf of the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science Subcommittee, American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Pediatric Emphasis Group, Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Genomic and Precision Medicine, and Stroke Council. Pediatric post–cardiac arrest care: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association [published online ahead of print June 27, 2019]. Circulation. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000697.